Technology

Post-training Large Language Models (LLMs) for long-horizon agentic tasks—such as software engineering, web browsing, and complex tool use—presents a persistent trade-off between computational efficiency and model generalization. While Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) is computationally inexpensive, it frequently suffers from out-of-domain (OOD) performance degradation and struggles to generalize beyond its training distribution. Conversely, end-to-end reinforcement learning (E2E